Ubuyobozi bwa elegitoronike Ubuyobozi: Ibyingenzi Byibanze Kuri Pro-Urwego

Gusobanukirwa Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki: Ibyingenzi

Igiceri cya elegitoroniki ni iki?

Imashini ya elegitoronike, izwi cyane nka coil, nikintu cyibanze cya pasiporo ikoreshwa muburyo bwa elegitoroniki. Nuguhinduranya insinga (cyane cyane umuringa) igikomere kizengurutse intoki, cyangwa kugikora ubwacyo cyangwa icyuma gifasha ikirere, kugirango gikore inductor. Nibice byingenzi byo gucunga amashanyarazi afunitse, kuba ahari kubika ingufu, kuyungurura, no guhinduranya imbaraga na induction ya electronique. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubika amafaranga byigihe gito no kuyasohora nkuko byihuse ntabwo ari ubuntu gusa ahubwo biroroshye no gukoreshwa mumuzunguruko wa radiyo, kugenzura ingufu, hamwe na sisitemu yijwi. Igishushanyo cya elegitoroniki ya elegitoroniki, harimo umubare wacyo uhinduranya nibikoresho byingenzi, bigira ingaruka cyane mubikorwa byayo.

Ubwoko bwa elegitoroniki

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa elegitoronike kandi buriwese igenewe porogaramu zitandukanye no gukoresha. Igiceri gikunze kugaragara cyane ni colenoid coil ikoreshwa cyane cyane muguhindura ingufu zamashanyarazi imbaraga zumukanishi, toroidal coil, izwi nka donut cyangwa impeta ishusho ifite inyungu zo gukora neza mukugabanya uburyo busanzwe hamwe n'umwanya / inzitizi ya electromagnetiki yivanga yabyaye urusaku rw'amashanyarazi, hamwe na coil yo mu kirere idafite intandaro ikomeye kandi ikoreshwa kenshi aho inductance igomba kuba idafite igihombo cyibanze. Ubundi bwoko bugaragara burimo ferrite yibikoresho bikoresha imbaraga za magnetiki zikoreshwa kugirango tugere ku ntera ndende mu bunini buto. Iyi mpinduramatwara ituma ibera ikintu icyo aricyo cyose kuva amashanyarazi kugeza sisitemu yitumanaho.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi n'ibisobanuro

Kumenya ibipimo bijyanye nibiranga ibiceri bya elegitoronike nibyingenzi kubikoresha neza. Icy'ingenzi muri byo ni inductance (muri Henrys, ishyiraho ubushobozi bwa coil yo kubika ingufu), kurwanya (kugena uko igiceri kizarwanya kunyura kwubu) hamwe na Q, isobanura uburyo igiceri gikora neza kuri radiyo yacyo. Na none, iyi kwiyuzuzamo agaciro nigiciro ntarengwa coil izemera utiriwe ugabanuka cyane muri inductance. Ibipimo ntabwo byerekana gusa igiceri mu bihe runaka, ariko kandi imikorere nubushobozi bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.

Gushushanya no Guhitamo Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki

Ibishushanyo mbonera

Kugirango ushushanye igiceri cya elegitoroniki, ubumenyi bwimbitse bwibintu bya electromagnetic nibisabwa mubisabwa birakenewe. Ubwoko bwibikoresho bikubiye muri core, ingano yinsinga, diameter ya coil numubare wimpinduka nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kuri inductance, resistance na Q ya coil. Igishushanyo kiboneye gikoreshwa kugirango igiceri gikore neza nkigice cyumuriro w'amashanyarazi cyari kigenewe, mugihe kigabanya ingufu zapfushije ubusa nubushyuhe. Ibipimo bigomba gutoranywa neza naba injeniyeri kugirango babone uburinganire bwiza hagati yimikorere ya coil hamwe nibyifuzo byumuzunguruko ukeneye mubintu nkibikorwa byinshyi hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora. Igishushanyo mbonera cya coil ningirakamaro cyane kugirango ugere kumashanyarazi yifuzwa kimwe nubwizerwe nigihe kirekire cyibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.

Guhitamo Igiceri Cyiza Kubisaba

Igikoresho cya elegitoroniki gikwiye kubyo usaba Kumenya ibisobanuro bihuye numushinga wawe nurufunguzo rwo guhitamo igiceri cyiza cya elegitoronike kubyo usaba. Umwuka-mwuka, ibyuma-byibanze, hamwe na ferrite-core coil byose bifite inyungu zitandukanye mubice bya inductance, imikorere, nubunini. Kumurongo mwinshi ukoresha ikirere-coil coil nibyiza kubera ubushobozi buke bwa parasitike. Kurundi ruhande, icyuma-cyuma na ferrite-core coil ikwiranye na progaramu nini ya inductance. Hano hiyongereyeho gutekereza kubidukikije (nkubushyuhe nubushuhe) bishobora no guhindura imikorere ya coil. Urashobora kwifashisha urupapuro rwerekana amakuru hamwe nababikora kugirango bamenye ibisobanuro bya coil runaka kugirango umenye neza ko ikora nkuko ubikeneye.

Amakosa Rusange Rusange nuburyo bwo kuyirinda

Ibishushanyo mbonera bisanzwe byakozwe mugihe cya coil kubikoresho byamashanyarazi ni ugucira urubanza ibipimo bya parasitike, gutekereza kubushyuhe hamwe ningaruka zuzuye. Ubushobozi bwa parasitike hamwe nuburwanya birashobora kugira ingaruka nini kumikorere ya coil, cyane cyane mubikorwa byinshi. Ingaruka nkizo zirashobora kugabanuka mugutanga itandukaniro rihagije hagati yumurongo, no gukoresha ibikoresho bya dielectric ihoraho. Igenzura ryubushyuhe naryo ni ngombwa kuko ibishishwa birashobora gushyuha kandi bigatera imikorere kugabanuka cyangwa kunanirwa niba bidacunzwe neza. Hanyuma, gukoresha igiceri hejuru cyangwa hejuru yacyo yuzuye irashobora gutanga umusaruro ugabanuka mubushake. Kwitondera ibyo bibazo mugihe cyo gushushanya bizafasha kwemeza ko ibikorwa bihenze birindwa kandi e-coil ikora nkuko bisabwa kubisabwa.

Gushyira mubikorwa no Kugerageza Amashanyarazi

Gushiraho ibiceri bya elegitoronike mumuzunguruko

Gushushanya ibiceri bya elegitoronike, inzira itangirana no guhitamo neza ibiceri kugirango ukoreshe uruziga. Byose biterwa na porogaramu zitandukanye, hamwe na inductance, ubushobozi bwubu, inshuro zikorwa. Kurugero, mumashanyarazi atanga amashanyarazi, igiceri cyujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango ubike ingufu ugereranije na coil isanzwe yo gukoresha ibintu bya magneti irashobora gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi hamwe na inductor, coil ikoreshwa hamwe numuyoboro wamashanyarazi wumuriro woguhindura amashanyarazi, mubikorwa kuri coil hamwe nubushake bunini kandi nubushobozi bunini bugezweho buragurwa. Kurundi ruhande, mugutunganya ibimenyetso cyangwa gushungura porogaramu, nkumuzunguruko wa RF, umuntu arashobora gushimishwa cyane nibintu byiza bya coil (Q-factor) ndetse nubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyungurura cyangwa guhuza numurongo runaka.

Gukora coil mumuzunguruko kumubiri nibyingenzi kandi nigikorwa kigomba kwishyurwa witonze. Igomba gushyirwaho kugirango idahungabanya ibindi bice, kuburyo idatera inductance itifuzwa kuko ikintu kiri kuri PCB gitera kunyeganyega, bigatuma uruziga rwawe rusigaye rudahungabana, cyangwa urusaku gusa. Ni ngombwa kugira ibicuruzwa byiza byo kugurisha hamwe mugihe ugurisha coil kubibaho kugirango wirinde ibibazo byose bishobora guhura bizagira ingaruka kumikorere. Igicuruzwa kibi kigurisha nacyo gitangiza inductance no kurwanya aho bihurira, bityo bigahagarika imikorere yumuzunguruko wuzuye.

Na none, EMI ya coil irashobora kuba ikibazo, cyane cyane kuri EDC aho ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bikunda kuba byoroshye. Kugabanya ingaruka za EMI, birasabwa gushyira igiceri kitari hafi yibintu byunvikana cyane (urugero igikoresho gisa neza cyangwa microcontroller). Byongeye kandi, mubihe bimwe na bimwe, uburyo bwo gukingira cyangwa gukoresha amasaro ya ferrite nabyo birashobora gufasha kugabanya EMI. Ibi kandi nibintu byingenzi kandi bigomba guhazwa kugirango wirinde gutesha agaciro ubunyangamugayo n’imikorere yumuzunguruko hamwe no kubona sisitemu ya elegitoronike ikora neza.

Kwipimisha no Gukemura Ibibazo

Nyuma ya coil ya electron ikusanyirijwe mumuzunguruko, igomba kugeragezwa kugirango yemeze ko byose bikora neza. Ibi mubisanzwe bikurikirwa nikizamini cyoroshye cyo kwemeza ko coil ihujwe neza. Nyuma yibyo, induction ya coil hamwe nuburwanya birashobora gupimwa na metero nyinshi cyangwa LCR kugirango wumve ibiranga coil. Ibibazo bisanzwe, nkibihinduka bigufi cyangwa bifungura, birashobora kugaragara uhereye kubipimo. Gusuzuma bigomba kuba uburyo, gutangirana no kureba ibyangiritse, hanyuma ugakomeza kwisuzuma ryimbitse. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira ikubiyemo tekinike rusange yo gukemura ibibazo nibimenyetso byo kureba:

Inyigo Yakozwe: Gushyira mu bikorwa Coil

Iperereza ku bikorwa bifatika bya elegitoronike mu ngamba zifatika. Urugero ni igishushanyo mbonera cyagenwe neza mugutanga amashanyarazi menshi aho ibisobanuro bya coil bigira uruhare runini mukugabanya-gutakaza ingufu no gukora neza. Urugero rwinyongera ni ugushiramo igiceri cya elegitoronike muri sisitemu ya RFID, aho inductance nuburyo bwa coil byari ibipimo ngenderwaho byingenzi byo guhitamo ubunini bwikimenyetso no kugera. Ingero zerekanwe hano zerekana ko guhitamo neza ibishishwa muri topologiya ari ngombwa kugirango ugere ku ntego zidasanzwe zikorwa. Berekana kandi uburyo bwo guhanga uburyo bwo gukuraho imipaka isanzwe ishobora kuganisha ku bikoresho bya elegitoronike bifite ubushobozi n’imikorere byiyongera cyane.

Ibibazo

Igiceri cya elegitoroniki ni iki?

Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, byitwa muriki gice coil, ni uruziga rwinsinga, akenshi rukomeretsa hafi ya rukuruzi, kugirango rukore inductor cyangwa electronique. Ikoresha electromagnetic induction kugirango ibike ingufu, ikimenyetso cyo kuyungurura cyangwa gukora transformateur nziza kugirango itange impedance ihuza voltage nini na voltage ntoya. Irakoreshwa cyane muri radio, TV, amajwi, gutanga amashanyarazi nibindi, hamwe numurongo uva kumajwi kugeza kuri radio. Inzitizi n'imikorere ya coil ahanini bigenwa nigishushanyo, harimo umubare wizunguruka nibikoresho byingenzi.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bukunze gukoreshwa bwa elegitoroniki?

Ibi bikoresho byo kubika ingufu birashobora kuba, ariko bigarukira kuri, solenoid, toroidal, ikirere cyumuyaga hamwe na ferrite yibanze. Ingero zibyo biceri zirimo relay cyangwa solenoid coil zikoreshwa muguhindura ingufu zamashanyarazi mukugenda gukanika imashini, toroidal coil izwiho kuba ifite imbaraga nyinshi muguhagarika imiyoboro ya electromagnetique urebye imiterere ya donut, ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu kirere zikoreshwa mugihe inductance idafite igihombo gikenewe, hamwe na ferrite yibikoresho bikoresha imbaraga za magneti kugirango ubone agaciro kanini ka inductance mumwanya muto.

Nibihe bintu by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma mugihe ukorana na elegitoroniki?

Hano haribintu byinshi byinyungu nko kwinezeza muri Henrys, kurwanywa byerekana kurwanya kurwanya umuvuduko uriho, Q ibintu, igipimo cyerekana imikorere ya coil kuri resonant frequency, hamwe numuyoboro wuzuye, umuyoboro mwinshi ushobora kwihanganira mbere yuko inductance itangira kugabanuka cyane.

Nigute ushobora gukora igiceri cyiza cya elegitoroniki?

Igishushanyo mbonera cyiza cya elegitoroniki gisaba ubuhanga bwo kumenya amashanyarazi hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa. Ibi bipimo nkibikoresho byingenzi, diameter ya wire, diameter ya coil numubare wimpinduka bigomba kubarwa neza kugirango ugenzure inductance, resistance na Q ibintu bya coil. Ibi bizafasha coil gukora neza mumuzunguruko igenewe, kugabanya gutakaza amashanyarazi no gushyushya.

Nigute ushobora guhitamo igiceri gikwiye kubisabwa byihariye?

Guhitamo igiceri cyiza bisaba ubumenyi buhamye bwibisobanuro bya coil hamwe nuburyo byakwirirwa bikenewe nakazi kawe. Ibisabwa nka inductance, imikorere, nubunini nubuzima bwibidukikije, urugero ubushyuhe nubushuhe nabyo byaza gukina muguhitamo inductor. Ndagusaba ko wifashisha urupapuro rwabigenewe hamwe nubuyobozi bukora kuri icyo kibazo.

Ni ayahe makosa akunze kugaragara hamwe na coil ya elegitoronike kandi ni gute yakwirindwa?

Ibishushanyo mbonera bisanzwe birimo gusobanukirwa nabi ingaruka za parasitike, kwirengagiza ibibazo byubushyuhe no kudahaza ubwuzuzanye bwibanze. Aya makosa arashobora gukurwaho na: a) gutanga intera kumurongo umwe, b) gukoresha ibikoresho bidahoraho bya dielectric, c) gucunga neza kubyara ubushyuhe, na d) gukomeza inductance mugihe coil ikorerwa kumipaka yuzuye.

Nigute amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike yinjizwa mumuzunguruko?

Igiceri cya elegitoronike gikoreshwa mukuzunguruka ukurikije inductance isabwa hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu mugihe cyagenwe. Kwishyira hamwe kwumubiri bisaba gushyira muburyo busobanutse kugirango ugabanye kwambukiranya ibindi biranga hamwe nuburinganire bwuzuye bugurisha hamwe kugirango wirinde gukata nkibintu bitandukanijwe. Uburyo bwo kugabanya no gukumira EMI bugomba no gutekerezwa, harimo: gushyira no gukoresha amasaro ya ferrite.

Ni izihe ntambwe zigira uruhare mu kugerageza no gukemura ibibazo bya elegitoroniki mu muzunguruko?

Kwipimisha bikubiyemo ikizamini cyo gukomeza kugira ngo ugenzure impera zanyuma kugeza ku ndunduro hamwe n’ikizamini cya voltage nyinshi kugirango hamenyekane imikorere yumuriro Inductance hamwe nuburwanya birasuzumwa kugirango umenye neza ko insinga yumuriro ishobora gutanga imbaraga nkuko terefone yawe ikeneye. Gukemura ibibazo birashobora kuba bikubiyemo igenzura ryerekanwa ryangiritse, imashini irakingura, nibindi, kandi kurwego rwinshi, kugerageza amashanyarazi, gushakisha impinduka ngufi cyangwa gufungura, hamwe nibisubizo biva mugusuzuma imiyoboro idahwitse, kugeza guhuza neza cyangwa guhindura urwego rwo kwinezeza no guhangana.

Urashobora gutanga ingero zogushira mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki?

Porogaramu zirimo amashanyarazi menshi yumuriro (hamwe na sisitemu ya RFID) aho ibisobanuro bya coil nka inductance hamwe nimiterere byari ngombwa kugabanya ingufu zitakaza ingufu, kunoza imikorere no kwerekana imbaraga zerekana ibimenyetso. Izi manza zishimangira akamaro ko gutoranya ibishishwa neza no gushyira mubikorwa byo gukora.

Ni ukubera iki ari ngombwa gusuzuma ibintu bidukikije muguhitamo amashanyarazi?

Imikorere ya coil ya elegitoronike irashobora gutandukana cyane bitewe nibidukikije nkubushyuhe nubushuhe. Kurugero, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burashobora kugabanya imikorere ya coil ndetse birashobora no gutera gucika, ubuhehere butera ruswa cyangwa bishobora gutera igihe gito. Muguhitamo ibishishwa bikwiranye nibidukikije bigomba gukoreshwa, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike biva mubikorwa byizewe nubuzima.